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    • 专利摘要:
    A fuel additive concentrate, a fuel comprising said additive concentrate, and a method for improving the antifoaming performance of a fuel are provided. The additive concentrate comprises (a) an aminotriazole derivative comprising the reaction product (i) of a carbonyl hydrocarbyl compound, and (ii) of an amine or a salt thereof of formula (I) in wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms. about 20 carbon atoms; and (b) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant, the ratio of (a) to (b) being in the range of from about 1:10 to about 10: 1.
    公开号:BE1019144A5
    申请号:E2009/0681
    申请日:2009-11-04
    公开日:2012-04-03
    发明作者:Duncan Richardson
    申请人:Afton Chemical Corp；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Antifoam additives for fuels
    Field of the invention
    This memo relates generally to fuel additive concentrates. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to fuel additive concentrates that are effective in improving the antifoam performance of a fuel, as well as methods for their use.
    Background of the invention
    Automotive lubricants, including diesel fuels, are often used in environments where the lubricant is mechanically agitated, resulting in foaming of the lubricant. Foaming the lubricant can cause insufficient lubrication and / or inefficient combustion, resulting in reduced engine life and / or increased fuel usage. Foaming of the lubricant may be exacerbated by the presence of other additives in the lubricant. Thus, antifoaming agents are incorporated into automotive lubricants to reduce the tendency of the lubricant to foaming during engine operation.
    As automotive technology continues to grow, lubricant formulations will require increasing performance requirements. Therefore, it is desirable and interesting to develop new antifoam agents that can act independently of conventional antifoam agents and can also act in conjunction with antifoams known in this field.
    In the present specification, there is provided a fuel additive composition comprising (a) an aminotriazole derivative comprising the reaction product (i) of a hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound and (ii) an amine or a one of its salts of formula (I):
    wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms; (b) a hydrocarbyl substituted succinimide dispersant, the ratio of (a) to (b) being in the range of about 1:10 to about 10: 1.
    In another aspect of this specification, there is provided a fuel composition comprising a dominant amount of a fuel; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (a) an aminotriazole derivative comprising the reaction product (i) of a hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound and (ii) an amine or a salt thereof. formula (I)
    wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing about 1 about 20 carbon atoms; (b) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant, the ratio of (a) to (b) being in the range of about 1:10 to about 10: 1.
    In a further aspect of this specification, there is provided a method for improving antifoam performance of a fuel, comprising: combining a dominant amount of a fuel and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (a) an aminotriazole derivative comprising the reaction product (i) of a hydrocarbyl carbon compound and (ii) an amine or a salt thereof of formula (I)
    wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing about 1 about 20 carbon atoms; (b) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant, the ratio of (a) to (b) being in the range of about 1:10 to about 10: 1.
    Additional embodiments and advantages of this memo will become apparent in part from the following detailed description and / or may be made by practicing this memo. It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely illustrative and explanatory and do not limit the present specification as claimed.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Various features of the embodiments may be better appreciated, which may be better understood by reference to the following detailed description of the embodiments taken into consideration in connection with the accompanying figures, in which: FIG. testing of fuels A and B; and Figure 2 illustrates the test results for Fuels C and D.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THIS MEMORY
    The present disclosure relates to a fuel additive concentrate comprising an aminotriazole derivative comprising the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride and an amine or a salt thereof.
    As used herein, it is understood that the term "average distillate fuel" refers to one or more fuels selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel, biodiesel, biodiesel derived fuel, synthetic diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosene, a diesel fuel treated with oxygenates to control particulates, mixtures thereof, and other products that meet the definitions of ASTM D975. As used herein, it is understood that the term "biodiesel". means a diesel fuel comprising a fuel derived from biological sources. In one aspect, the average distillate fuel may contain up to 30%, for example about 0.5% to about 30%, for example about 10% to about 20%, of a fuel from biological sources.
    The average distillate fuel can be derived from biological sources such as oil seeds, for example rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, and similar sources. The seeds may be subjected to grinding and / or solvent extraction treatments (e.g. with n-hexane) to extract the oil, which comprises saturated and unsaturated C 16 -C 22 fatty acid triglycerides. (mono- and polyunsaturated, mixed with each other, in proportions depending on the oilseed selected). The oil can be subjected to a filtration and refining process, in order to remove all possible free fats and phospholipids present, and can be subjected to a transesterification reaction with methanol to prepare the fatty acid methyl esters ( methyl esters of fatty acids, also known as "FAME" and commonly referred to as biodiesel).
    As used herein, the term "hydrocarbyl group" or the term "hydrocarbyl" is used in its usual sense, which is well known to those skilled in the art. More specifically, it denotes a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of a molecule having a predominantly hydrocarbon character. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include: (1) hydrocarbon substituents, i.e., aliphatic (eg alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (eg cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl), aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents in which the ring is supplemented by another part of the molecule (for example two substituents together form an alicyclic radical); (2) substituted hydrocarbon substituents, i.e., substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of the description herein, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon substituent (e.g. halo (especially chloro and fluoro) ), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso and sulfoxy); (3) heterosubstituents, i.e., substituents which, although having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this specification, contain atoms other than carbon atoms in a ring or chain consisting of elsewhere of carbon atoms. The heteroatoms include sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms, and include substituents such as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, and imidazolyl substituents. In general, a number no greater than two or, as a further example, no greater than one, of non-hydrocarbon substituent (s) will be present for each ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; in some embodiments, there will be no non-hydrocarbon substituent in the hydrocarbyl group.
    As used herein, it is understood that the term "dominant amount" means an amount greater than or equal to 50% by weight, for example from about 80 to about 98% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. In addition, as used herein, it is understood that the term "small amount" refers to less than 50% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
    The compositions herein may include a compound of formula (III) comprising the reaction product of an amine or a salt thereof with a hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound. Amines suitable for use herein may be amines or their salts of formula (I):
    wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing about 1 about 20 carbon atoms. These amines can be chosen between guanidines and aminoguanidines or their salts, where R and R1 are as defined above. Accordingly, the amine may be selected from inorganic salts of aminoguanidines and guanidines, such as aminoguanidine and guanidine halides, carbonate, bicarbonate, nitrate, phosphate, and orthophosphate. As used herein, it is understood that the term "guanidines" refers to guanidine and guanidine derivatives such as aminoguanidine. In one embodiment, the amine used for the preparation of the additive may be aminoguanidine bicarbonate. Aminoguanidine bicarbonates can be readily obtained from commercial sources or can be prepared in a well-known manner.
    Suitable hydrocarbyl carbonyl compounds for use herein may be any suitable compound having a hydrocarbyl group and a carbonyl group and which is capable of binding to the amine to form the additives of this specification. . Non-limiting examples of suitable hydrocarbyl carbonyl compounds include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides such as hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides, hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acids, and hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid esters. .
    In some aspects, the hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound may be a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride of formula (II):
    wherein R2 is a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight in the range of from about 100 to about 5000, e.g. from about 200 to about 3000, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). ). Unless otherwise indicated, the molecular weights herein are number average molecular weights.
    In some aspects, the R2 group of the hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound may comprise one or more polymeric units selected from linear or branched alkenyl units. For example, the alkenyl units may comprise from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms. In embodiments, the group R 2 may comprise one or more linear or branched polymeric units selected from ethylene radicals, propylene radicals, butylene radicals, pentene radicals, hexene radicals, octene radicals and decene radicals. In some aspects, the R group may be in the form of, for example, a homopolymer, copolymer, or terpolymer. In one embodiment, the group R 2 may be an isobutylene group. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the group R 2 may be a polyisobutylene homopolymer comprising from about 10 to about 60 isobutylene groups, for example from about 20 to about 30 isobutylene groups. The compounds used to form the hydrocarbyl groups R 2 can be formed by any suitable methods, for example by conventional catalytic oligomerization of alkenes. A non-limiting example of the group R 2 may be a polyalkenyl radical, such as a polyisobutylene radical, having a number average molecular weight of from about 100 to about 5000, for example from about 200 to about 3000, as measured. by gas chromatography (CFG).
    In some aspects, the R2 group of the hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound can be formed from highly reactive polyisobutylenes (HR-PIBs) having a relatively high terminal vinylidene content. As used herein, it is understood that the term "terminal vinylidene content" refers to the terminal olefinic double bond content. In one embodiment, the R2 group may be formed from an HR-PIB having a terminal vinylidene content of at least about 60%, for example from about 70% to about 90% or more. There is a general trend in the industry for conversion to HR-PIB, and well-known HR-PIBs are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,152,499, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
    The hydrocarbyl carbonyl compounds can be prepared using any suitable method. Methods for forming hydrocarbyl carbonyl compounds are well known in the art. An example of a known method for forming a hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound comprises mixing a polyolefin and an anhydride, such as maleic anhydride. The polyolefin and anhydride reactants may be heated at temperatures, for example, in the range of about 150 ° C to about 250 ° C, optionally using a catalyst such as chlorine or peroxide. Another illustrative process for the preparation of the hydrocarbyl carbonyl compounds is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,234,435, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
    In some aspects, approximately one mole of maleic anhydride may be reacted per mole of polyolefin, such that the resulting hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride comprises from about 0.8 to about 1 succinic anhydride group per hydrocarbyl group. In other aspects, the weight ratio of succinic anhydride groups to hydrocarbyl group may range from about 0.5 to about 3.5, for example from about 1 to about 1.1.
    Examples of carbonyl hydrocarbyl compounds useful herein include, but are not limited to, compounds such as dodecenylsuccinic anhydrides, C16-C18 alkenylsuccinic anhydride, and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (PIBSA). In some embodiments, the PIBSA may have a polyisobutylene substituent having a terminal vinylidene content in the range of from about 4% to at least about 60%, for example from about 70% to about 90% or more. . In some embodiments, the ratio of the number of carbonyl groups to the number of hydrocarbyl groups in the carbonyl carbonyl compound may be in the range of about 1: 1 to about 6: 1.
    The hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound and amine described above may be mixed with each other under any suitable conditions to provide the desired reaction products of this specification. In one aspect, the reactants can be mixed together in a molar ratio of the hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound to the amine in the range of about 1: 1 to about 1: 2.5. For example, the molar ratio of reactants may range from about 1: 1 to about 1: 2.2. Suitable reaction temperatures may range from about 155 ° C to about 200 ° C.
    at atmospheric pressure. For example, the reaction temperatures may range from about 160 ° C to about 190 ° C. Any suitable reaction pressures, such as subatmospheric pressures or superatmospheric pressures, may be used. However, the temperature range may be different from those listed when the reaction is conducted at a pressure other than atmospheric pressure. The reaction may be conducted for a period of time from about 1 hour to about 8 hours, preferably from about 2 hours to about 6 hours.
    Without wishing to be limited by theoretical considerations, it is believed that the reaction product of the amine and the hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound is an aminotriazole derivative, such as a bis-aminotriazole derivative of formula (III):
    including its tautomeric forms and its enantiomers, wherein R3 has a number average molecular weight in the range of about 100 to about 5000, which comprises about 40 to about 80 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, R3 represents a polyisobutenyl substituent, for example a polyisobutenyl substituent formed from an HR-PIB having a terminal vinylidene content of at least about 60%, e.g. from about 70% to about 90% and more. The reaction product may contain at least one aminotriazole group. It is considered that the pentagonal nucleus of triazole is aromatic. Aminotriazoles can be relatively stable to oxidizing agents and can be extremely resistant to oxidizing agents. hydrolysis. It is believed, although not certain, that the reaction product is polyalkenyl-bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Such a product has a relatively high nitrogen content in the range of about 1.8 wt% to about 2.9 wt% nitrogen.
    In aspects of this specification, the disclosed compositions may comprise 1,2,4-triazoles other than the triazoles described above. For example, the compositions may comprise triazoles of formula (IV):
    wherein R6 and R7 are independently selected from hydrogen and hydrocarbyl groups, with the proviso that at least one of R6 and R7 is not hydrogen. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include, but are not limited to, linear, branched or cyclic C2 to C50 alkyl groups, linear, branched or cyclic C2 to C50 alkenyl groups; and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, such as phenyl groups, tolyl groups and xylyl groups. A commercially available example of such triazoles includes Irgamet® 30 (available from Ciba of Tarrytown, NY).
    The compositions described may also comprise triazoles of formula (V):
    wherein R8, R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen and hydrocarbyl groups, with the proviso that at least one of R8 and R9 is not hydrogen. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include, but are not limited to, linear, branched or cyclic C 2 -C 5 alkyl groups; linear, branched or cyclic C2 to C50 alkenyl groups; and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, such as phenyl groups, tolyl groups and xylyl groups. R8 and R9 may include functional groups, such as halo, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, sulfonate and the like. Commercially available examples of these triazoles include Irgamet® 39 and Irgamet® 42 (available from Ciba of Tarrytown, NY).
    The compositions described herein may also include additional antifoam agents in addition to the aminotriazole derivatives described above, including silicone antifoam agents, such as polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylsiloxane, polydiethylsiloxane, polyacrylates, and the like. and polymethacrylates, trimethyltrifluoropropylmethylsiloxane, mixtures thereof and the like. Non-limiting examples of such antifoaming agents are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,166,508 and 5,492,638, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. . Commercially available antifoam agents include, for example, Y14182 (available from Chemtura Corp. of Middlebury, CT).
    The aminotriazole derivatives described herein may be used alone or in combination with additional antifoam agents. The aminotriazole derivatives can be used in an amount ranging from about 0.1% by weight to about 50% by weight, for example from about 2.5% by weight to about 10% by weight, for example from about 5% by weight to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the additive concentrate. The silicone antifoam agents may be used in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, for example from about 0.5 wt% to about 3.5 wt%. % by weight, based on the total weight of the additive concentrate.
    In certain aspects of this specification, the described fuel compositions may comprise a dispersant, such as an amine-containing dispersant. Suitable dispersants containing an amine may include hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersants. Suitable hydrocarbyl substituted succinimides are well known in the art and are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,482,356, the specification of which is incorporated in its entirety by way of reference to US Pat. present memory.
    As used herein, the term "succinimide" is intended to mean the total reaction product obtained by reaction between an amine and a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride (or a similar succinic acylating agent) and is intended to be include compounds in which the product may comprise amide and / or salt linkages in addition to the imide bond of the type resulting from the reaction or contact with an amine group and an anhydride group.
    Suitable hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydrides can be formed by first reacting an olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon having a desired molecular weight with maleic anhydride. Reaction temperatures from about 100 ° C to about 250 ° C can be used. With higher boiling olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons, good results are obtained at a temperature in the range of from about 200 ° C to about 250 ° C. This reaction can be promoted by the addition of chlorine.
    Typical olefins include, but are not limited to, waxy olefins for cracking, linear alpha olefins, branched chain alpha-olefins, polymers and copolymers of lower olefins. The olefins may be selected from ethylene, propylene, butylene, such as isobutylene, 1-octane, 1-hexene, 1-decene, and the like. Useful polymers and / or copolymers include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, polybutenes, polyisobutene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-isobutylene copolymers, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, ethylene-1-decene copolymers, and similar polymers.
    In one aspect, the hydrocarbyl substituents of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydrides may be derived from butene polymers, for example, isobutylene polymers. Polyisobutylenes suitable for use herein include those formed from an HR-PIB having a terminal vinylidene content of at least about 60%, e.g. from about 70% to about 90% and more. Suitable polyisobutenes can include those prepared using BF3 catalysts. The number average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl substituent can vary over a wide range, for example from about 100 to about 5000, for example from about 500 to about 5000, as determined by GPC.
    It is possible to use the carboxylic reactants other than maleic anhydride such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, citraconic acid, citraconic anhydride, mesaconic acid, ethylmaleic anhydride, methylmaleic anhydride, ethylmaleic acid, dimethylmaleic acid, hexylmaleic acid, and similar acids, including dicarboxylic acid halides. corresponding lower aliphatic acids and esters.
    The mole ratio of maleic anhydride to olefin can vary widely. It can range from about 5: 1 to about 1: 5, for example from about 3: 1 to about 1: 3 and, by way of further example, maleic anhydride can be used in a stoichiometric excess to constrain the reaction to come to an end. Unreacted maleic anhydride can be removed by vacuum distillation.
    Any of many polyamines can be used in the preparation of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant. Non-limiting examples of polyamines may include aminoguanidine bicarbonate (AGBC), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (ΤΕΡΑ), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), and heavy polyamines. A heavy polyamine may comprise a mixture of polyalkylene polyamines comprising small amounts of lower polyamine oligomers such as ΤΕΡΑ and PEHA, but mainly oligomers having 7 or more than 7 nitrogen atoms, 2 or more primary amines per molecule and more extensive branching, compared with conventional polyamine mixtures. Further nonlimiting examples of polyamines which can be used in the preparation of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant are described in US Pat. No. 6,548,458, the disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety. for reference to this memo. In one embodiment, the polyamine may include tetraethylenepentamine (ΤΕΡΑ).
    In one embodiment, the dispersant may comprise compounds of formula (IV):
    wherein n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5 'and R2 is a hydrocarbyl substituent as defined above. In one embodiment, n is 3 and R2 is a polyisobutenyl substituent, such as that derived from polyisobutylenes having a terminal vinylidene content of at least about 60%, e.g. from about 70% to about 90%. and more. The compounds of formula (IV) may be the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydride, such as polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (PIBSA), and a polyamine, for example tetraethylenepentamine (ΤΕΡΑ).
    The dispersants described herein may be used in an amount ranging from about 0.01% by weight to about 99.99% by weight, for example from about 5% by weight to about 25% by weight. weight, based on the total weight of the additive concentrate. In one aspect, the disclosed aminotriazole derivative and dispersant may be present in a fuel composition in a ratio in the range of about 1:10 to about 10: 1, eg, about 1: 2 to about about 1:10, for example equal to 1: 8.
    In other aspects of this specification, the described compositions may comprise a fuel-soluble carrier. Such vehicles may be of various types, such as liquids or solids, for example waxes. Examples of liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil and oxygenates, such as liquid polyalkoxylated ethers (also known as polyalkylene glycols or polyalkylene ethers), liquid polyalkoxylated phenols, liquid polyalkoxylated esters, liquid polyalkoxylated amines and mixtures thereof. Examples of oxygenated vehicles can be found in U.S. Patent No. 5,752,989, the disclosure of which vehicles is incorporated in its entirety by reference herein. Additional examples of oxygenated vehicles include alkyl-substituted aralkyl polyalkoxylates disclosed in United States Patent Publication No. 2003/0131,527, published July 17, 2003 in the name of Colucci et al., The disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. is incorporated in its entirety by reference herein.
    In other aspects, the compositions of the present application may be devoid of vehicle. For example, certain compositions of the present application may be free of mineral oil or oxygenates, such as the oxygenates described above.
    One or more additional optional additives may be present in the compositions described herein. For example, the compositions may include additional defoamers, dispersants, detergents, antioxidants, thermal stabilizers, fluid vehicles, metal deactivators, dyes, labels, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, additives, and the like. antistatic agents, drag reducing agents, friction modifiers, demulsifiers, emulsifiers, antifoggants,. anti-icing additives, anti-detonating additives, surfactants, cetane improvers> corrosion inhibitors, low temperature flow improvers, pour point depressants, solvents, demulsifiers, lubricity additives, extreme pressure agents, viscosity index improvers, seal swelling agents, amine stabilizers, combustion improvers, dispersants, conductivity improvers, metal deactivators, marker dyes, organic nitrate-type ignition accelerators, tricarbonyl manganese derivatives, and mixtures thereof. In some aspects, the compositions described herein may contain an amount of about 10 wt% or less or in other respects approximately 5 wt% or less based on the total weight of the concentrate. of additives or of the fuel composition, of one or more of the aforementioned additives. Similarly, the fuel compositions may contain suitable amounts of fuel blend components, such as methanol, ethanol, dialkyl ethers and the like.
    In formulating the compositions described herein, the described additive composition may be used in amounts sufficient to reduce foaming in a fuel, such as an average distillate fuel, for example a diesel fuel. In one aspect, the disclosed fuel compositions may contain a major amount of a fuel and a small amount of the fuel additive composition described above sufficient to control or reduce fuel foam formation by an example in the range of about 0.005% by weight to about 0.300% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. In another aspect, the fuels of this specification may comprise, based on the active ingredients, aminotriazole in an amount ranging from about 1 ppm to about 5000 ppm, for example from about 20 ppm to about 5000 ppm. ppm, for example from about 1000 ppm to about 5000 ppm. In another aspect, the fuels of this specification may comprise, based on the active ingredients, a silicone antifoam agent in an amount ranging from about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, e.g. 4 ppm to about 25 ppm.
    In another aspect, the fuel compositions described herein may comprise, based on the active ingredients, a dispersant in an amount of from about 20 ppm to about 300 ppm, e.g. ppm at about 300 ppm, for example from about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm. In aspects in which a vehicle is used, the fuel compositions can contain, based on the active ingredients, an amount of the vehicle in the range of about 1 mg to about 100 mg of vehicle per kg of fuel per example from about 5 mg to about 50 mg of vehicle per kg of fuel. The term "on the basis of the active ingredients" excludes the weight (i) of the unreacted components associated with and remaining in the antifoam agent as it was produced and used, and ii) the solvent (s), if any, used in the production of the antifoam agent during or after its formation but before the addition of a vehicle, if a vehicle is used.
    The additives herein and the optional additives used in the formulation of the described compositions can be blended with a base fuel individually or in the form of various sub-combinations. In certain embodiments, the additive components of this specification may be blended with a fuel together using an additive concentrate, thereby taking advantage of the mutual compatibility and convenience afforded by the combination of blends. ingredients when in the form of an additive concentrate. In addition, the use of a concentrate can reduce mixing time and reduce the possibility of mixing errors.
    The fuel compositions herein may be intended for the operation of stationary diesel engines (e.g., engines used in power generation plants, pumping stations, etc.) and mobile diesel engines (eg engines used as primary engines in automobiles, trucks, roadway devices, military vehicles, etc.).
    In one aspect, there is provided a method for improving antifoam performance of a fuel, comprising the step of: providing a dominant amount of a fuel, and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising: an aminotriazole derivative comprising the reaction product (i) of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, and (ii) an amine or a salt thereof of formula (I)
    Wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms; (b) a hydrocarbyl substituted succinimide dispersant, the ratio of (a) to (b) being in the range of from about 1:10 to about 10: 1.
    EXAMPLES
    The following examples illustrate exemplary embodiments of this specification. In these examples as well as elsewhere in this application, all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. It is believed that these examples are presented for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention described herein.
    EXAMPLE 1
    A polybutenylsuccinic anhydride having a number average molecular weight of 950 was heated to 95 ° C. A suspension of aminoguanidine bicarbonate (AGBC) in an oil was added over a period of 45 minutes. The mixture was heated under vacuum at 160 ° C and held at this temperature for about 6 hours, removing water and carbon dioxide. The resulting mixture was filtered. It is believed, without being limited by theory, that the resulting mixture comprises an aminotriazole as described herein.
    In the following examples, various basic diesel fuels were each combined with various additives described in Table 1, including the aminotriazole mixture described above, to produce fuel formulations that were evaluated for the reduction of the foam as described below.
    Table 1
    1 Reaction product of PIBSA with triethylenepentamine (ΤΕΡΑ) in a molar ratio of 1: 1.
    2 2-ethylhexanol solvent.
    3 Aromatic solvent 150.
    Fuels A to D were tested using the BNPe antifoam tester, for the implementation of a commonly accepted method for determining the foaming characteristics of diesel fuel. Essentially, a sample of 100 ml of diesel fuel was injected at a constant pressure (400 mb) of a fixed height (245 mm) into a 250 ml test vessel. The settling time of the foam produced was measured and noted. The settling time was calculated as the total time elapsed between the end of the injection of the sample into the test vessel and the moment when the visible surface of the fuel appeared.
    As shown in Figure 1, fuel B (including the aminotriazole blend) exhibited reduced foam reduction times after 1, 8 and 15 days compared to fuel A. For example, fuel B exhibited a foam reduction time that was less than a full second full of fuel A at day 1 (fuel A = 2.43 seconds, fuel B = 1.43 seconds). In addition, fuel B exhibited a foam reduction time that was more than two seconds less than that of fuel A at day 8 (fuel A = 8.17 seconds, fuel B = 5.47 seconds) and showed a similar time difference at day 15 (fuel A = 9.1 seconds, fuel B = 7.07).
    In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the fuel D (comprising the aminotriazole mixture) exhibited reduced foam reduction times after 1, 8 and 15 days compared to the C fuel. , fuel C exhibited a foam reduction time of 1.47 seconds, while fuel D exhibited a foam reduction time of 1.43 seconds. In addition, the fuel D exhibited a foam reduction time that was more than one second less than that of the C fuel at day 8 (fuel C = 6.03 seconds, fuel D = 4.7 seconds) and showed a similar time difference at day 15 (fuel C = 7.4 seconds, fuel D = 6.03). Thus, as demonstrated by the above examples, fuel compositions comprising the described aminotriazole derivatives are effective antifoam agents. Accordingly, it is believed that the antifoaming agents described herein may be effective in improving the antifoam performance of fuels.
    It is noted that, in the manner used in this description and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "a", "the" and "the" include references to the plural unless expressly and unequivocally reference. Thus, for example, the reference to "an antifoaming agent" includes reference to two or more different antifoam agents. As used herein, the term "includes" and its grammatical variants are intended to be non-limiting, so that the indication of terms in a list is not intended to exclude other similar terms that may be used in place of or added to the enumerated terms.
    For purposes of this specification and the appended claims, unless otherwise indicated, all numerical values indicating percentages or proportions, and other numerical values used in the specification and claims, are intended to be modified in all cases. case by the term "about". Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters indicated in the following description and the appended claims are approximations which may vary depending on the desired properties sought to be obtained by means of this specification. In all cases, and not in an attempt to limit the application of the equivalence doctrine to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter must be considered at least in light of the number of significant digits indicated and by applying the usual techniques, d 'borough.
    Although particular embodiments have been described, variations, modifications, variations and improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or may be presently unforeseen may occur to applicants or to another skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims, as filed and as may be amended, are intended to include all such variations, modifications, variations and improvements and all such substantial equivalents.
    权利要求:
    Claims (37)
    [1]
    A fuel additive concentrate, comprising: (a) an aminotriazole derivative comprising the reaction product (i) of a hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound and (ii) an amine or a salt thereof (I).

    [2]
    An additive concentrate according to claim 1, wherein (a) (i) is selected from hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides, hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acids and hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid esters.
    [3]
    3. The additive concentrate of claim 2, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of (b) comprises a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 100 to about 5000.
    [4]
    An additive concentrate according to claim 3, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent comprises a polyisobutylene group derived from high reactivity polyisobutylenes comprising at least an equal proportion or. greater than 60% or terminal olefinic double bonds.
    [5]
    An additive concentrate according to claim 1, wherein (a) (ii) comprises an aminoguanidine salt.
    [6]
    The additive concentrate of claim 1, wherein (a) (ii) comprises a guanidine salt.
    [7]
    The additive concentrate of claim 1, wherein (a) (ii) comprises aminoguanidine bicarbonate.
    [8]
    An additive concentrate according to claim 1, wherein (a) comprises a bis-aminotriazole derivative of formula (III)

    [9]
    9. The additive concentrate of claim 1, wherein (a) is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt% to about 50 wt%; and (b) is present in an amount in the range of from about 0.1% by weight to about 99.99% by weight, based on the total weight of the concentrate.
    [10]
    An additive concentrate according to claim 1, further comprising a silicone antifoaming agent.
    [11]
    An additive concentrate according to claim 10, wherein the silicone antifoam agent is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, based on total weight of the concentrate.
    [12]
    12. An additive concentrate according to claim 1, further comprising at least one triazole selected from triazoles of formulas (IV) and (V):

    [13]
    A fuel composition comprising: a dominant amount of a fuel; and a small amount of an additive composition comprising: (a) an aminotriazole derivative comprising the reaction product (i) of a hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound, and (ii) an amine or a salt thereof of formula (I)

    [14]
    The fuel composition of claim 13 wherein (a) (i) is selected from hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides, hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acids and hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid esters.
    [15]
    The fuel composition of claim 13, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of (b) is a polyisobutylene group.
    [16]
    The fuel composition of claim 15, wherein the polyisobutylene group is derived from high reactivity polyisobutenes comprising at least 60% or more terminal olefinic double bonds.
    [17]
    The fuel composition of claim 13, wherein (a) (ii) comprises an aminoguanidine salt.
    [18]
    The fuel composition of claim 13, wherein (a) (ii) comprises an inorganic salt of guanidine.
    [19]
    The fuel composition of claim 13, wherein (a) (ii) comprises aminoguanidine bicarbonate.
    [20]
    The fuel composition of claim 13, wherein (a) comprises a bis-aminotriazole derivative of formula (III)

    [21]
    The fuel composition of claim 13, wherein the additive composition is present in an amount of from about 0.005 wt.% To about 0.3000 wt.%, Based on the total weight of the fuel composition.
    [22]
    The fuel composition of claim 13, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of additional defoaming agents, dispersants, detergents, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, vehicle fluids, metals, dyes, markers, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, antistatic additives, drag reducing agents, friction modifiers, demulsifiers, emulsifiers, antifoggants, anti-icing additives, anti-knock additives, surfactants, cetane index improvers, corrosion inhibitors, low temperature flow improvers, pour point depressants, solvents, emulsifiers, lubricity additives, agents extreme pressure, viscosity index improvers, swelling agents adhesion improvers, metal deactivators, marker dyes, organic nitrate-type their mixtures.
    [23]
    The fuel composition of claim 13, further comprising a silicone antifoam agent.
    [24]
    24. The fuel composition according to claim 13, further comprising at least one triazole chosen from triazoles of formulas (IV) and (V):

    [25]
    A method of improving antifoam performance of a fuel, comprising: combining a dominant amount of a fuel, and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising: (a) a derivative of aminotriazole comprising the reaction product (i) of a hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound, and (ii) an amine or a salt thereof of formula (I)

    [26]
    26. Use as a fuel additive of a concentrate, comprising: (a) an aminotriazole derivative comprising the reaction product (i) of a hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound and (ii) an amine or a one of its salts of formula (I)

    [27]
    Use of a concentrate according to claim 26, wherein (a) (i) is selected from hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides, hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acids and hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid esters.
    [28]
    28. Use of a concentrate according to claim 27, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of (b) comprises a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 100 to about 5000.
    [29]
    Use of a concentrate according to claim 28, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent comprises a polyisobutylene group derived from high reactivity polyisobutylenes comprising at least 60% or more or terminal olefinic double bonds.
    [30]
    Use of a concentrate according to claim 26, wherein (a) (ii) comprises an aminoguanidine salt.
    [31]
    31. Use of a concentrate according to claim 26, wherein (a) (ii) comprises a guanidine salt.
    [32]
    Use of a concentrate according to claim 26, wherein (a) (ii) comprises aminoguanidine bicarbonate.
    [33]
    33. Use of a concentrate according to claim 26, wherein (a) comprises a bis-aminotriazole derivative of formula (III)

    [34]
    34. Use of a concentrate according to claim 26, wherein (a) is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to about 50 wt%; and (b) is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 99.99 wt.%, based on the total weight of the concentrate.
    [35]
    35. Use of a concentrate according to claim 26, further comprising a silicone antifoam agent.
    [36]
    36. The use of a concentrate according to claim 35, wherein the silicone antifoam agent is present in an amount of from about 0.1% by weight to about 5% by weight, based on to the total weight of the concentrate.
    [37]
    37. Use of a concentrate according to claim 26, further comprising at least one triazole selected from triazoles of formulas (IV) and (V):

    wherein R6, R7, R8, R0 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen and hydrocarbyl groups, with the proviso that at least one of R6 and R7 and at least one of R8 and R9 do not represent an atom hydrogen.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    GB2465057B|2011-06-15|
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    CN101735868B|2015-05-13|
    CN101735868A|2010-06-16|
    SG161172A1|2010-05-27|
    US20100107479A1|2010-05-06|
    GB0918578D0|2009-12-09|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
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    US26480108|2008-11-04|
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